IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


V 


// 


w. 


§ 


V 


Ui 


fA 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


IM  ilM 

IIIIM  |||m 
140    nil  2.0 


1.4 


1.8 


1.6 


VQ 


& 


/}. 


/a 


'<?/. 


<?. 


(TA 


S^A 


'<W    s 


<5> 


^I 


// 


°w 


/A 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


4^ 


A 


\ 


\ 


% 


V 


6^ 


■1? 


%^  ..-.  "'i^ 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


'Q.. 


tf 


w- 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 

1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 
D 
D 
D 
□ 
D 
D 


□ 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag6e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  norma>e  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


I — I    Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul^es 

□    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^colordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

I 1    Pages  detached/ 


Pages  ddtach^es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 


I      I    Showthrough/ 

I 1    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


□    Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  mat6riel  supplementaire 

□    Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  d  nouveau  de  facon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 
^'    Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  r6duction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


0 


lOX 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

s/ 

^■■^ 

^™^^ 

19X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of. 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grace  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Biblioth^que  nationale  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ♦>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film6s  en  commenqant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derni^re  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commengant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — »•  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  etre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  etre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  i  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rie  jr  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

?w 


/-»  t 


DISCOVKRY  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI 

lURUOORAPHICAL     ACCOUNT   OF    THK     TRA\KI..S     OF     MCOf.KT,    ALLOUKZ,    MARQUETTE 
HENNEPIM,  AND    LA    SALLE    L\    THE    MISSISSII'l'l    VALLEY 

TI:e  pioneer  of  French  travellers  to  the  ccnintry  west  of  the  great  lakes,  and  tlie 
tirst  white  man  who  is  reputed  to  have  reached  a  northern  tributary  of  the  Missis;:ippi, 
was  Jean  Nicolet,  who  in  1634,  or  tliereabouts,  made  treaties  with  the  Indians  at 
(ireen  I5ay,  and  ascended  Fox  River. 

The  '-Relation  de  ce  qui  s'est  passe  en  la  Novvelle  France,  1640,"  Paris,  1641, 
gives  the  earliest  indication  of  tiiis  voyage,  and  a  summary  description  is  given  in  the' 
Relation  of  1642-43.  These  reports  are  reprinted  in  the  "Relation  des  Jesuites," 
vol.  I.,  Quebec,  1858.  Margry's  "  Decouvertes  et  etablissements  des  FraiK^ais,"  vol.  i., 
pp.  47-53,  contains  the  portions  of  the  above  which  refer  to  Nicolet,  and  a  translation 
ot  the  account  in  the  Relation  of  1640  is  printed  in  Smith's  "  History  of  Wisconsin," 
vol.  lii.  Du  Creuxs  "  Historia  Canadensis/'  Paris,  1664,  gives  the  fust  connected 
history  of  the  life  and  exploits  of  this  explorer.  A  translation  of  Du  Creux's  narra- 
tive is  appended  to  Hutterfield's  "  History  and  Discovery  of  the  Northwest,  by  John 
Nicolet,"  Cincinnati,  1S81. 

Shea  states,  in  his  "  Discovery  and  Exploration  of  the  Mississippi,"  that  Nicolet 
descended  the  Wisconsin  to  the  Mississippi.  This  opinion  was  adopted  by  Parkman 
in  his  "Jesuits  in  North  America,"  p.  166,  but  his  later  judgment  is  giVen  in  the 
"Discovery  of  the  Great  West."  A  more  careful  examination  of  the  evidence 
deiDonstrates  the  improbability  that  his  travels  extended  f:irther  than  the  \Visconsin, 
and  in  the  opinion  of  liutterfield,  the  latest  writer  upon  this  voyage,  he  did  not  reach 
that  river,  but  stopped  at  the  country  of  the  Mascoutins  upon  Fox  River. 

Ik^njamm  Suite,  a  Canadian  historical  writer,  in  writing  upon  Nicolet,  in  his 
"Melanges  d'Histoire  et  de  Litterature,"  Ottawa,  1876,  shows,  for  the  first  time, 
that  this  journey  was  probably  made  in  1634,  instead  of  1638  or  1639,  as  before 
thought. 

Suite's  article,  with  notes  by  L.  C.  Draper,  is  printed  in  the  "  Wisconsin  Historical 
Society  Collections,"  vol.  viii.,  pp.  1S8-194;  also  in  the  "Canadian  Antiquarian," 
vol.  viii.,  pp.  157-164. 

Butterfield,  who  has  carefully  investigated  the  records,  agrees  with  Suite  in  as- 
signing 1634  as  the  true  date,  and  brings  out  additional,  if  not  conclusive  evidence 
to  support  this  theory,  in  his  monograph  cited  above.  Margry,  in  the  "  Journal  de 
rinstruction  publique,"  1862,  under  the  caption,  "  Les  Normands  dans  les  Vallees 
de  I'Ohio  et  du  Mississipi,"  describes  Nicolefs  travels  and  Cravier's  "  Decouvertes 
et  etablissements  de  La  Salle  ;  "  Harrisse's  "Notes  pour  servir  a  I'Histoire  [etc.]  de 


Ik  I 


DISCOVKRV    OF   THE    MISSISSIl'PI 


191 


la  Nouvelle  France,"  and  Parkman's  "  La  Salle,"   also  give  some  account  of  the 
expedition. 

In  1642,  Jogiies  and  Raynibault.  two  missionaries,  penetrated  as  far  west  as 
Sauit  Ste.  Marie,  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Sui)erior.  See  account  of  this  mission  in  the 
Jesuit  Relation  of  1642.  Margry's  Collection,  vol.  i.,  pp.  45-47,  contains  a  reprint 
of  the  narrative  of  this  journey.  See  also  Shea's  Charlevoix,  vol.  i.,  p.  137,  for  notice 
of  the  undertaking. 

The  next  recorded  visit  to  the  West  is  that  of  two  French  traders,  who  wintered 
upon  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior  in  165S.  Se-  the  Jesuit  Relation  of  1659-60,  and 
the  extract  in  Margry's  Collection,  vol.  i.,  pp.  53-55,  and  translation  "in  Smith's 
Wisconsin,  vol.  iii.,  p.  20.  Father  Menard  began  a  mission  at  St.  Theresa  15ay, 
Lake  Superior,  in  1661.  See  Lallemant's  letter  in  the  Relation  of  1662-63.  A 
translation  of  this  letter  is  in  Smith's  Wisconsin,  vol.  iii.  See  also  Perrot's  '-Me- 
moire  sur  les  UKcurs  des  sauvages,"  Paris,  1864;  Shea's  Charlevoix,  vol.  i„  p.  4,;, 
and  a  note  by  Shea  in  Historical  Magazine,  vol.  viii,,  p.  175.  Menard's  letter^ 
written  just  before  his  departure  for  Lake  Superior,  with  notes  by  E.  D.  Neill,  may 
be  found  in  the  "Minnesota  Historical  .Society  Collections,"  vol.  i.,  pp.  135-138. 

In  1665,  Claude  Alloiiez,  another  missionary,  began  a  mission  at  Chegoimegon, 
Lake  Sui)erior.  See  the  journal  of  his  travels  in  Le  Mercier's  Relation  of  1^666-67,  a 
translation  of  which  is  m  Smith's  Wisconsin,  vol.  iii.  Mar.piette  took  charge  of  this 
mission  in  1669,  ^nd  Allouez  went  to  the  Paie  des  Puantes  (Creen  Way),  and  in 
1670  made  a  visit  to  the  Mascoutins  on  Fox  River.  Harrisse  thinks  he  crossed  to 
the  Wisconsin  at  this  time.  In  reporting  his  operations,  Alloiiez  describes  the 
"Messi-sipi"  from  information  given  by  the  Indians.  See  Dablon's  Relation  of 
1669-70,  p.  100.     Translation  in  Smith's  "Wisconsin,"'  vol.  iii. 

Alloiiez  si)ent  many  years  among  the  Lidians  upon  Creen  P.ay,  and  in  the 
Illinois  country.  See  the  Jesuit  Relations  covering  the  years  1669-79.  The  full 
titles  of  these  Relations  are  given  in  chronological  order  in  Harrisse's  "Notes  pour 
servir  a  I'Histoire  [etc.]  de  la  Nouvelle  France."  Dr.  Shea  printed  in  the  Cramoisy 
series  the  abridged  Relations  for  1672-79,  and  Martin's  "  Mission  du  Canada"  prints 
them  for  the  first  time  in  full.  Shea  gives  a  life  of  Allouez  in  his  "  Discovery  and 
Exploration  of  the  Mississippi."  See  also  notes  upon  him  in  Margry's  Decouvertes, 
etc.,  vol.  i.,  pp.  57-72  ;  also  in  Bancroft,  in  Shea's  Charlevoix,  vol  iii.,  and  in  Shea's 
'^  Catholic  Missions  in  the  United  States."  Gravier  and  Parkman  also  give  some 
account  of  his  travels. 

In  June,  167 1,  St.  Lusson,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  number  of  Indians,  took 
possession  of  the  country  on  the  lakes  in  the  name  of  France.  The  "  Proces  verbal  " 
of  the  ceremony  is  in  Margry,  vol.  i.,  pp.  96  e(  scq. 

Perrot,  a  noted  Canadian  voyageur,  in  1670-71  travelled  along  the  shores  of 
C.reen  Bay.  Perrot's  journal,  which  records  the  daily  events  of  his  life  among  the 
Indians  from  1665  to  1726,  was  edited  for  the  first  time  at  Paris,  in  1864,  by 
Father  Tailhan.     It  is  entitled  "Memoires  sur  les  moeurs  et  coustumes  et  relligion 


I  Ml 


192 


DISCOVKRY    OF    TlIK    MISSISSIITI 


[sic]  (les  sauvagos  do  r.\iiirri(iiiL'  septentrionalc."  'I'iiilhan's  noU's  adil  value  to  tlic 
work.  Sec  K.'garding  IN.Tiut,  Shea's  Charlevoix,  vol.  iii.,  p.  165,  and  Jlistorual 
Magazine,  vol.  ix.,  \\  205. 

A  description  of  the  i,a'(\;j;raphy  of  the  country  as  known  previous  to  the  explora- 
tion of  the  Mississippi  l)y  joliet  and  Mar(|uette  is  given  by  Dablon  in  the  "Rela- 
tion de  la  Xoiivelle  i'lance,  les  annees  1O70  et  1671,"  I'aris,  167J.  See  tin;  (Jiiebec 
reprint  in  "Relation  des  Jesnites,"  vol.  iii.  'I'he  Relation,  as  jtrinted  in  1672,  gave 
a  map  of  the  great  lakes;  for  a  description  of  which  see  Taiknian's  "J. a  Salle,"  p. 

4.SO- 

In  1673  Jacques  Marcjuette  and  Louis  Joliet  navigated  the  Mississippi  in  canoes 
to  the  Arkansas.  I''ather  i\far([nette's  narrative  (,»f  the  voyage,  in  an  imperfect  form, 
was  published  by  Thevenot  in  his  '' Recueil  de  Voyages,'  I'aris,  1C81.  'I'hevenol 
also  published  it  as  an  independent  work,  with  the  title,  '"  Voyage  et  decouverte  de 
(juehiues  pays  et  nations  de  rAmericjue  septentrionale.''  In  this  latter  shape  it  was 
reproduced  by  Rich,  at  Paris,  in  1845.  'I'he  map  accom|)anying  this  version,  and 
which  is  inserted  in  facsimile  in  J'.ancroft,  is  saitl  not  to  be  by  Marquette.  The 
authentic  map  was  first  i)ublished  in  Shea's  "  Discovery  anil  F.xploration  of  the 
Mississippi,'"  where  the  two  maps  are  compared.  The  Thevenot  text  appears  trans- 
lated in  I''rench's  "Historical  Collections  of  Louisiana,"  pt.  2,  pj).  279-297,  and 
Spark's  "  Life  of  .Mar([uette,"  in  the  "l^ibrary  of  American  liiography,"  vol.  x.,  is,  in  a 
measure,  a  translation  of  it. 

Marquette's  conijilete  journal,  ])repare(l  for  i)ublication,  in  1678,  by  Claude 
Dablon,  Superior  of  the  Canadian  Missions,  remained  inedited  until  Shea  published 
it  in  his  "Discovery  and  Isxploration  of  the  Mississii)pi,"  New  York,  1853,  giving 
the  original  text  and  a  translation.  This  version,  known  as  the  Stc.  Marie  text,  was 
rei)rinted  in  1855,  with  important  annotations,  by  Shea,  under  the  title,  "  Recit  des 
voyages  et  des  decouvertes  du  R.  P.  J.  Marijuette,  en  I'annee  1673,  et  aux  suivantes  ; 
la  continuation  de  ses  voyages  i)ar  C.  Alloiiez,  et  le  journal  autographe,  du  P. 
Marquette  en  1674  et  1675."'  [Albanie:  Iinprimerie  de  Weed,  Parsons  et  Cie.| 
1855  (10),  169  (2),  pp.  Map,  i2mo.  J\L  dn's  "Mission  du  Canada,  Relations 
inedites  (1672-1679),"  vol.  ii.,  contains  a  modified  version  of  the  Sie.  Marie  text. 
Hennepin's  sjiurious  "New  Discovery,"  London,  1698  and  1699,  has,  as  an  appen- 
tiix,  a  i)oor  translation  of  the  Thevenot  production. 

Joliet,  while  on  his  way  to  Montreal  to  rei)ort  his  discoveries,  lost  his  memoranda 
and  maps.  He  was  enabled,  however,  to  draw  u[)  a  brief  recital  from  memory,  which, 
with  a  map,  he  presented  to  l^'rontenac  in  1674. 

Two  versions  of  this  narrative  are  jirinted  in  Margry's  Collection,  vol.  i.,  pp.  259- 
270,  Dablcn  despatched  to  his  Superior  at  Paris  an  account  derived  from  Joliel's 
verbal  testimony,  which  may  be  found  printed  in  Martin's  •'  Mission  du  Canada," 
vol.  i.,  i)p.  193-204.  A  translation  is  given  in  the  Historical  Magazine,  vol.  v.,  ])p. 
237-239.  A  letter  sent  by  Joliet  from  Quebec,  October  10,  1674,  brielly  recounts 
his  late  adventures.  It  may  be  found  in  Harrisse's  "  Notes  pour  servir  a  I'Histoire  [etc.] 


DISCOVKRV    OF    rilK    MISSISSIITI 


193 


(le  la  Xoiivelle  KiancL',"  pp.  322  and  32.3.     A  narrative  based  upon  Jolict's  report 
is  appended  to  Hennepin's  '' >icw  Discovery,"  London,  i6y8. 

Johet  made  several  maps,  showing  his  discoveries,  only  one  of  which  has  been 
edited.  Oravier's  "Etude  sur  uuc  carte  inconnue,  la  premiere  dressee  par  I,.  Joliet 
en  1674,"  contains  a  f:ic-simile  of  the  u\d\)  in  (luestion.  A  letter  Irom  the  discoverer 
to  Frontenac  is  inscribed  upon  it.  (iravier  considers  this  map,  apparently  with  good 
reason,  to  be  the  earliest  rei)re.sentation  of  the  course  of  the  Mississippi  from  ijers'onal 
knowledge. 

I'Vontenac's  letter  announcing  the  successful  result  of  Joliet's  mission  is  printed 
in  ATargry,  vol.  i.,  p.  257,  and  a  translation  is  inserted  in  the  ''Sew  York  Colonial 
Documents,"  vol.  ix.,  p.  116.  See  the  following  for  notices  of  Joliet :  FaiUon's  ^'  Histoire 
de  la  Colonic  fran(,-aise  en  Canada,"  vol.  iii.  ;  J-erland's  "Notes  sur  les  registres  de 
Notre-Dame  ;  "  Margry's  articles  in  the  /caiw  Canadiaiiu;  December,  i^-jx,  Januaiy, 
Afarch,  1872.  French's  Historical  Collections,  second  series,  has  a  brief  biograph'v. 
The  works  hereafter  cited  upon  the  history  of  the  discovery  of  the  Mississipi.i  neces- 
sarily  include  a  history  of  the  Martiuette-Joliet  expedition. 

We  now  come  to  La  Salle,  Henne|)in,  and  Tonty,  1669-S7.  Afargry's  '-Decou- 
vertes  et  etablissements  des  Franc^ais  dans  I'Ouest  et  dans  le  Suil  de  TAniericiue 
sei)tentrionale,  1614-169S."  Paris,  1879-81,  contains  the  documents  which  the  editor 
collected  in  the  archives  of  France.  This  work  now  comprises  four  large  octavo  volumes, 
three  of  which  are  mainly  devoted  to  documents  upon  La  Salle's  explorations,  'i'he 
contents  of  these  three  volumes  are  arranged  under  the  following  heads  :  ire  partie, 
"  Voyages  des  Franc^ais  sur  les  grands  lacs  et  Decouverte  de  I'Ohio  et  du  Mississipi 
(1614-1684);"  2me  partie,  "Lettres  de  La  Salle;"  3me  partie,  "Recherche  des 
bouches  du  Mississii)i  (1669-1698)."  The  more  important  of  these  papers  are  in- 
dicated hereafter  in  their  chronological  order.  The  fourth  volume  of  this  collection 
embraces  the  documents  relating  to  D'lberville's  colony,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Missis- 
sipi)i,  1 698-1 703. 

In  1669  La  Salle,  accompanied  by  Dollier  and  Gallinee,  set  out  from  Afontreal 
to  discover  the  Mississippi.  They  proceeded  in  company  to  the  western  extremity 
of  Lake  Ontario.  At  this  place  La  Salle,  professing  illness,  parted  from  the  mission- 
aries, ostensibly  to  return  to  Montreal.  Dollier  and  Gallinee  continued  their  journey 
along  the  northern  shores  of  Lake  Erie,  thus  taking  a  course  hitherto  untravelled, 
and  reached  Saidt  Ste.  Marie  in  May,  1670,  having  spent  the  winter  on  the  shores  of 
Lake  Erie.  Callinee's  journal,  entitled  "  Recit  de  ce  qui  s'est  passe  de  plus  remar- 
<iuable  dans  le  voyage  de  MM.  Dollier  et  Ciallinee,"  is  printed  m  Margry,  vol.  i., 
pp.  1 12-166.  The  Abbe  Faillon,  who  first  discovered  the  records  ot  this  journey', 
gives  a  synopsis  of  Callinee's  recital,  with  a  facsimile  of  his  map,  m  the  third  vohnne 
of  his  "Histoire  de  la  Colonic  frangaise  en  Canada." 

O.  M.  Marshall's  pamphlet,  entitled  "The  First  Visit  of  La  Salle  to  the  Senecas," 
Buffalo,  1874,  contains  a  textual  translation  of  this  document.  The  Societe  historique, 
of  Montreal,  published  in   1875  an  edition   of  this  journal,  with  notes  by  the  AbbJ 


.._..-, — Mi  «^ 


•TTT-^ 


194 


DISCO vi:kv  or  riir,  Mississim 


\'crrc:ni.  Maigry  prints  in  his  collection,  vol.  i.,  pp.  542-402,  a  narrative  whicii  he 
calls  "  RtT.ital  crun  ami  dc  I'Abbc  dc  (lallincc.  '  'I'jjis  jmrporls  to  be  notes,  taken  by 
the  writer,  who  Margry  thinks  was  the  Abbe  Renaiulot,  of  conversations  had  with 
I, a  Salle  at  I'aiis  in  167.S,  in  which  he  recounted  his  adventures  in  Canada  tVoni 
1667  to  167.S.  in  it  is  stated  that  after  leaving  I  Jollier  and  (lallinee,  instead  of 
going  to  Montreal  I, a  Salle  kept  on  until  he  reached  the  Ohio,  and  later  went  to  the 
Mississippi  by  way  of  tiie  lllin(iis.  I'arknian  prints  extracts  from  this  i)ai)er  in  his 
"Discovery  of  the  (ireat  West,"  l)ut  does  not  credit  it  wholly  ;  he,  however,  .ulmits 
that  I, a  Salle  discovered  the  Ohio,  and  most  likely  the  Illinois.  It  is  ujion  this  doc- 
ument, tiiat  iMargry  bases  his  claim  that  J. a  Salic  was  the  first  to  reach  the  Mis.sis- 
sippi. 

'l"he  following  writers  take  issue  with  Margry:  liriicker,  "J.  Man|uetti-  et  la  Decou- 
verte  du  Mississipi,"  Lyon,  1880,  and  in  the  "Etudes  religieuses,"  vol.  v.;  liarrisse, 
in  "Notes  pour  servir  a  I'llistoire  [etc.]  de  la  Nouvelle  l'"rance,"  Paris,  1872  ;  in  an 
article  entitled  "Ilistoire  criticpie  de  la  Dccouverte  du  Mississipi,''  in  the  Revue 
marilimc  d  colonii.ih\  vol.  xxxii.,  i)p.  642-663. 

Shea,  in  whom  ^[argry  funis  perhaps  his  most  strenuous  opponent,  discusses  the 
(luestion  in  an  address  read  on  tiie  bi-centennial  of  Marquette's  v.)yage,  published  in 
the  "  Wisconsin  Historical  Society  Collections,"  vol.  vii.,  pp.  1 1 1-122.  He  has,  how- 
ever, published  a  pamphlet,  in  which  he  examines  the  matter  more  in  detail,  entitled 
"The  iJursting  of  P.  Margry's  La  Salle  Piubble,"  New  York,  1879.  Tailhan,  in  notes 
to  I'errc  ,,  and  the  Abbe  Verreau  in  his  edition  of  Callinee's  journal,  also  refute  Margry. 
Colonel  Whittlesey's  tract,  forming  No.  38  of  the  Western  Reserve  Historical  Society's 
publications,  entitled  "  Discovery  of  the  Ohio  by  La  Salle,  1669-70,"  is  an  inciiiiry 
upon  the  subject.  Margry  presents  his  arguments  in  full,  in  articles  upon  "  Les 
Normands  dans  les  vallees  de  I'Ohio  et  du  Mississijjpi,"  published  in  \\\c  Journal 
general  de  T Instruction  publique,  Paris,  1862.  See  also  a  paper  by  him  in  the  Reiue 
maritime  et  coloniale,  vol.  xxxiii.,  pp.  555-559  ;  his  i)amphlet,  "  La  I'riorite  de  La  Salle' 
sur  le  Mississipi,"  Paris,  1873  5  ^  letter  in  the  American  Antiquary,  vol.  i.,  pp. 
206-209,  Chicago,  1S80,  and  in  remarks  in  the  preface  to  his  "  Decouverles  et  etab- 
lissements  des  Fran^-ais,"  vol.  i. 

Oravier  in  his  "  Decouvertes  de  La  Salle,"  Paris,  1870,  in  the  "  Compte  rendu 
of  the  Congres  des  Amoricanistes,"  1877,  pt.  i.,  pj).  237-312,  and  in  The  Magazink 
OF  Amkrican  History,  vol.  viii.,  ji.  305,  sujiports  the  IMargry  theory. 

In  August,  1679,  La  Salle  having  completed  his  arrangements  and  obtained  letters 
patent  from  the  king  for  another  attempt  upon  the  Mississippi,  set  sail  in  the 
(iriffon,  upon  Lake  Erie,  and  arrived  at  Michillimackinac  about  two  weeks  later. 
The  Illinois  was  reached  in  January,  1680,  but  owing  to  adverse  circumstances,  La 
Salle  being  comiielled,  for  want  of  supplies  and  other  causes,  to  make  twice  the  jour- 
ney between  the  Illinois  and  Canada,  the  exploration  of  the  Mississipi)i  was  not  ac- 
complir^hed  until  April,  1682.  The  adventures  of  La  Salle's  i)arty  ui)on  the  great 
lakes  and  in  the  Illinois  country,  previous  to   the  voyage  down  the   Mississippi  in 


DISLOVKRV    ()!■    niK    MISSISSll'I'I 


195 


iC).S2,  arc   rocoiintcil    witli   minute  (Utail  in    (lu-  "  Relation  ties  Desronvcrtes  et  des 
A'oyages  dii  Sitnir  de   La  Sulle,  i679-<S[,"  [xinted  in  Margiy's  Collection,  vol.  !.,  \)\). 

Maigry  considers  this  jiaper  to  be  the  official  report  drawn  np  by  the  Abbe 
Hernou  from  La  Salle's  letters.  'I'lic  account  of  the  journey  to  I'ort  C.'revecujur  in 
1679-80,  given  in  this  narrative,  is  nearly  iilentical  with  the  description  of  the  same 
voyage  in  Hennepin's  "  Description  de  la  Louisiane."  Iwjr  this  reason  ALirgry 
charges  Hennepin  witii  jilagiary,  which  calls  out  a  defence  of  the  latter  by  Shea,  iu 
ills  edition  of  Hennei)in's  "Louisiana,"  where  the  two  narratives  are  compared. 
Membre's  journal  in  ],e  Clerc(i's  "Premier  Ktablissement  de  la  ]'\)y,"  I'aris,  1691, 
which  is  reprcnluceil  in  Lnglish  in  Shea's  "  Discovery  ami  Lxploration  of  the  Missis- 
sippi," and  Tonty's  Memoirs,  which  will  be  more  fully  described  farliier  on,  also 
re|)()rt  this  stage  of  the  explorations.  Hennepin's  spurious  *»  Nouvellc  Decouverte  " 
also  contains  an  account,  which  d(jes  not  differ  materially  from  that  given  in  the 
"Di-scription  de  la  Louisiane." 

Afathieu  Silgean,  who  claimed  to  have  been  with  La  Salle  in  1679-80,  dictated 
from  mjmory,  in  1701,  a  report  of  his  adventures  in  Canada.  See  i'arkman's  La 
Salle,  1).  65S,  concerning  Sagean's  pretensions.  Shea  published  Siigean's  narrative 
in  1S63,  with  the  title,  "Jvxtrait  de  la  Relation  des  avanturcs  et  voyage  de  M. 
Sagean." 

In  February,  1680,  Hennepin,  by  La  Salle's  orders,  set  out  from  I'ort  Creve- 
ccEur  for  the  upper  Mississippi.  He  ascended  that  river  to  the  Sioux  country,  and 
discovered  St.  Anthony's  l""alls.  Hennepin's  hrst  work,  "Description  de  la  Loui- 
siane," Paris,  1683,  relates  the  events  of  this  expedition,  and  also  gives  an  account  of 
La  Salle's  journey  from  Canada  to  the  Illinois  in  1679-So.  Shea  gives  in  his  "  Dis- 
covery and  Ivxploration  of  the  Mississipi)i  "  the  jjorlion  of  this  work  relating  the 
voyage  to  the  upper  Mississi|)pi.  Hennepin's  works  are  held  in  disrepute,  owing  to 
undoubted  plagiarisms  and  falsifications  which  characterize  some  of  them.  Shea, 
however,  shows  in  the  preface  to  his  edition  of  the  "  Description  of  Louisiana,"  New 
York,  1880,  that  this  charge  applies  only  to  the  "  Nouvelle  Decouverte  "  and  "  Nou- 
veau  Voyage,"  and  other  works  made  up  from  these  two  last,  and  that  they  were  prob- 
ably published  without  Hennepin's  sanction.  Parkman  agrees  with  Shea  in  consid- 
ering the  "  Description  de  la  Louisiane"  to  be  an  authentic  work. 

Lor  criticisms  upon  Hennepin,  see  Sparks'  "La  Salle;"  Parkman's  "Discovery 
of  the  Great  West ;  "  Harrisse's  "  Notes  pour  servir  a  I'Histoire  [etc.]  de  la  Nouvelle 
France,"  p.  145  ;  and  the  preface  to  Margry's  Decouvertes,  etc.  Shea's  early  judg- 
ment u[)on  Hennepin,  which  he  has  modifieil  as  indicated  above,  is  given  in  his  "  Dis- 
covery and  Exploration  of  the  Mississippi."  E.  D.  Neill,  in  a  pamphlet  entitled  "The 
Writings  of  L.  Hennepin,"  lately  published  by  the  Minnesota  Historical  Society, 
dissents  from  Shea's  exculi)ation  of  Hennepin,  and  declares  that  no  evidence  has 
been  ])roduced  to  clear  him  from  the  charge  of  i)lagiary. 

The  bi-centenary  of  Hennepin's  discovery  of  St.  Anthony's  Falls  was  celebrated 


tqG 


Piscr)vi:Kv  nr  tiif  Mississippi 


by  the  Minnesota  Historical  Society  in  iSSo,  and  the  proccech'n^'s  on  tlie  occasion 
will  he  leporleil  in  the  next  vohinie  of"  its  colleciions.  The  account  of  a  puirndcd 
voyaj;e  hy  lleiuiepin  down  the  Mississippi,  taken  horn  tin'  spuiions  "  New  hiMov- 
cry,"  lA)n(lon,  1698,  is  inseiti-d  in  "  I'li-nch's  Historical  Collections."  part  i..  I'p. 
195-222;  also  in  volume  one  of  the  "  Arclueologia  Americana,"  published  1>\  the 
American  Antiipiaiian  Society.  'I'he  latter  work  also  contains  an  account  ol  I.a 
S.Ule's  last  voyage,  taken  Irom  the  same  unreliable  source. 

Shea's  edition  of  Henne|)in's  "  Louisiana"  contains  a  bibliography  ot  the  numer- 
ous memoirs,  issued  mulrr  Hennepin's  name,  where  also  may  be  foinid  a  translation 
of"  [.a  Salle's  letter  of  August,  1O82,  reporting  the  vovage  on  the  ujiprr  Mississippi. 
Du  I/hut,  who,  in  1O79,  visited  the  Sioux  near  I,akj  Superior,  and  later  descendeil 
the  St.  Croix  to  the  Mississippi  and  rescued  Hennepin  from  the  Sioux,  gives  an  ac- 
count of  his  ai.ventures  in  a  "  iMemoire  sur  la  Decouuertc  du  pays  des  Nadouei:ioux 
dans  le  Canada,"  which  is  printed  in  Harrisse's  Notes,  pp.  177-1S1,  anil  translated 
in  Shea's  llennt'pin. 

The  "  I'roces  verbal  de  prise  de  possession  de  la  I-onisiane,  ii  rembouclnne  de 
la  nier  on  (lolphe  du  Mexi([ue,  9  avril,  1682,"  in  Margry,  vol.  ii.,  pp.  186-195, 
gives  the  i)rincipal  incidents  of  the  voyage  tlown  the  Mississippi  from  the  Illinois. 
This  document  may  also  be  found  in  Cravier's  "  La  Salle,"  and  in  iMiglish  in  Sparks' 
"  Life  of  La  Salle,''  also  in  l''rench's  "  Historical  Collections,"  part  i.,  and  with  the 
title,  "Narrative  of  the  Kxpedition  of  La  Salle  to  exi)lore  the  (Mississijjpi)  Colbert 
River,  in  1682,''  in  French's  Liistorical  Collections,  second  series,  pp.  17-27,  New 
York,  1875. 

La  Salle's  letter,  written  at  the  junction  of  the  Missouri  and  Mississippi  Rivers, 
printed  in  Margry,  vol.  ii.,  jip.  1C4-180,  a  translation  of  which  is  given  in  'i'liK 
Magazink  of  American  History,  vol.  ii.,  pp.  619-622,  describes  the  journey  to  the 
Missouri. 

The  proci'S  verbal  of  the  act  of  taking  possession  at  the  Arkansas,  Ahirch  13  and 
14,  1682,  in  iMargry,  vol.  ii.,  p.  181,  reports  another  stage  of  the  voyage.  Afembre's 
journal  of  the  entire  expedition,  first  printed  in  Le  Clercii's  "  Ktablissement  de  la  Koy," 
Paris,  1691,  is  reproduced  in  English  in  Shea's  "Discovery  of  the  Mississii)pi." 
Shea  has  lately  brought  out  an  English  translation  of  Le  Clerc(|  under  the  title, 
"First  Establishment  of  the  Faith  in  New  France,"  New  York,  1881,  two  vols.  Svo, 
Me  there  compares  Membre's  narrativ  with  Hennepin's  "  Nouvelle  Decouverte"  and 
"  Nouveau  Voyage,"  and  also  i)oints  out  the  variations  between  it  and  the  account 
published  by  Thomassy  in  his  ''  (Joologie  pratique  de  la  Louisiane." 

Thoniassy's  document  is  entitled,  "  Relation  de  la  Decouverte  de  I'embouchure 
de  la  Riviere  Mississipi."  Parknian  considers  it  to  be  the  "official  report  of  the  dis- 
covery made  by  La  Salle,  or  perhaps  for  him  by  Membre,"  and  says  that  the  Le  Clercci 
narrative  is  based  upon  it. 

To  which  Shea  replies,  that  it  "seems  strange  to  assume  that  the  fuller  document 
given  by  Le  Clercq  must  be  drawn  from  a  shorter  form." 


T 


Discovr.RV  or  rm;  Mississippi 


197 


'I'lic  two  (lu(  iiincnts  arc  csstMiti.ilI)  iiK  iiticjl,  aiul  atlbnl  tnistwortliy  data  uikhi 
tlic  voyage. 

Accoiding  to  iJoiiiiaii',  a  luanusciipl  copy  of  AIc.'inl)i(''s  journal  exists  in  the 
librai\  at  I'.atoii  Kouj^e,  Louisiana. 

IliMiii  (Ic  Tout),  who  was  wi'li  l,a  SalK'  fron)  1678-8^^,  reports  the  explorations 
(hiring  thiit  time,  in  a  memoir  writtin  at  (Jiiebic  in  1OS4  wliich  is  pnhHslied  tor  the 
first  time  in  Margry,  vol.  i.,  pp.  571-616.  Anotlu-r  narrative  by  hiu),  iMititled  "  .Mo- 
moire  envoys  en  1693  sur  la  I)(''Couverte  dii  Missis.sipi,  p  de  I, a  Salle  en  167S,  et 
(lepiiis  sa  niort  par  le  sieur  de  'I'onty,''  is  printi.d  in  its  integrity  in  Maigry's  "  Rela- 
tions et  .Mt'moires  inodits,''  pp.  1-36,  I'aiis,  1.S67.  A  translation  of  it  ir^  nu  hided  in 
I'reneh's  "  Historical  Collections,'  part  i.,  pp.  S-'-iS^,  and  also  in  l-'alconer's  "  Mis- 
sissijtpi,"  London,  1844.  'I'hese  two  memoirs  formed  the  basis  of  the  work  piiblisheil 
nnder  'I'onty's  naiiK',  but  which  he  disavowetl,  entitled  *'  Dernieres  docouvertes  dans 
r.\mt'rii|ue  septentiionale  de  M.  de  i,a  Salle,"  I'aris,  1697. 

'I'his  work  was  reproduced  under  tiie  title  of '•  Relation  de  la  Loui>.ianne ''  in  15er- 
nanPs  "  Recueil  de  voyages  au   Nord,"  Amsterdam,  1720  and  1724. 

An  Lnglish  translation  was  published  at  London  in  169S,  with  the  titk',  ".\n  .Ac- 
count of  La  Salle's  liast  Kxpedition  and  Discoveries,"  and  is  reproduced  in  part  in 
the  New  York  Historical  Society  Collections,  vol.  ii.,  pp.  217-341. 

J'aikinan  says  that  the  "  Dernieres  drcouvertes"  is  "a  compilation  full  of  errors." 

Margry  prints  in  vol.  i.,  pp.  547-570,  of  his  Collection,  a  memoir  entitled  '*  Recit 
de  la  descoiiverte  (jue  M.  de  La  Salle  a  faite  de  la  rivit-re  de  Missi>sipi  en  1082." 
The  author  of  the  paper  was  Nicolas  de  La  Salle,  who  wrote  it  in  1699,  at  the  re- 
(juest  of  the  French  authorities,  to  serve  as  a  guide  to  D'Iberville  in  his  search  for 
the  Mississippi.     ALargry  says  that  the  writer  bore  no  relationship  to  the  discoverer. 

La  Salle's  memorial  of  1684,  proposing  an  expedition  to  the  (liilf  of  Mexico, 
jirinted  in  ALaigry,  vol.  iii.,  pp.  1 7-30,  and  in  I'^rench's  "Historical  Collections," 
l)art  i.,  pp.  37-44,  also  in  the  second  series  of  I*"rench's  publication,  and  in  I'alconer's 
"Mississippi,"  briefly  indicates  his  discoveries  up  to  that  lime. 

The  I'rench  documents,  collected  by  ]5rodhead  in  the  archives  of  the  Departments 
of  INLarine  and  of  War,  and  printed  in  the  ninth  volume  of  the  "Documents  relative 
to  the  Colonial  History  of  New  York,"  Albany,  1855,  include  official  correspond- 
ence which  reports  the  movements  of  the  explorers  from  time  to  time. 

Shea  i)romises  an  edition  of  a  journal  by  Pefialossa,  which  will  show  the  merce- 
nary motives  which  inspired  La  Salle.  ALargry  prints  some  documents  concerning 
Pefialossa's  propositions  to  lead  a  |)arty  of  buccaneers  from  St  Domingo  to  unite 
with  La  Salle  in  an  attack  on  the  Spanish  mines  in  New  Mexico. 

LA   SALLE'S    voyage    TO    THE     GULF    OF    MEXICO     AND     ATTEMPT     TO     DISCOVER     THE 

MISSISSIPPI — 1684-87 

In  1683  La  Salle  returned  to  France  and  presented,  in  two  memorials  to  the 
king,  propositions  for  an  expedition  to  colonize  the  Mississippi,  and  take  possession 


1(>S 


IHSCUVKRV    OF    IIIK    MISSISSM'I'I 


of  iln"  Spanish  mines  in  X»'\v  Mexico.  Tlir  fust  nicinoiial,  which  gives  .1  brief  ac- 
<()iinl  of  his  previous  achievement.;,  is  in  Maigiy's  (Jolleetion.  vol.  iii..  pp.  1  7-.P- 
;\  translation  is  in  iMench's  "  Historical  ( 'olh  nions,''  part  i,,  pp.  .57  44  ;  also  in  the 
setoml  scries,  pp.  1  15.  of  the  same  publication,  and  in  I'alconer's  ".Mississippi." 
'I'lur  second,  which  (K'tnies  his  schemes  at  greater  lenylli,  is  printed  in  Margry, 
vol.  ii.,  pp.  ,559-,/i<;  ;  in  I'.nglish,  in  I'leinh's  "Historical  C'ollections, '  part  i..  pp. 
25-34.  The  accessory  official  ilociimenls  relating  to  vaiious  fiatures  and  stages  of 
till!  expedition  are  inchidi-d  in  Iht;  sei oncl  and  third  volumes  of  Margry's  Collection. 
NVe  have  two  narratives  by  niembers  of  this  expedition,  which  relate  its  history  from 
the  time  of  departure  from  IVance  down  to  and  after  the  death  of  I, a  Salle.  The 
fnst  to  appear  in  print  was  Douay's,  which  was  pid)lished  by  I.e  C'lercij  in  his 
"  Prc-mier  l-ltablissement  de  la  I'oy,"  I'aris,  \G()\.  Shea  printed  a  translation  of  it  in 
the  '*  Hiscovtry  and  I'",x[)loration  of  the  Mississippi,''  New  \'ork,  kS.s.?.  A  com- 
parison of  1  )oua\'s  journal  with  Joutel's  narrative  is  made  by  Shea  in  iiis  edition  of 
1-e  ("lercq,  published  at  New  York  in  1S81. 

Joutel,  who  seems  to  have  been  next  in  command  to  T,a  Salle,  kept  a  journal, 
which  is  published  for  the  Hrst  time  in  its  integrity  in  Margry's  Collection,  vol.  iii., 
])p.  f><;-5.i4.  An  abridged  and  modified  version  of  this  narrative  was  published  at 
I'aris  in  1713,  under  the  title,  "Journal  hist()ri([ue  du  dernier  Voyage  (pie  feu  M.  de 
I, a  Salle,  fit  dans  le  (lolfe  du  Mexicpie."  Joutel  complainetl  that  changes  were  made 
by  the  editor  in  retouching  the  work  for  publication.  'l"he  text  published  by  Margry 
is  much  fuller  than  the  printed  edition.  An  I'lnglish  translation  of  the  Paris 
l)roducti()n,  under  the  title,  "Journal  of  the  Last  Voyage  performed  by  M.  de  I, a 
Salle,"  etc.,  was  published  at  London  in  1714,  and  in  1719  another  edition  was 
brought  out  as  "Joutel's  Journal  of  his  Voyage  to  Mexico  ami  Canada."  A  rei)iint 
of  the  London  edition  is  i)rinted  in  I''rench's  "  Historical  Collections,"  part  i.,  i)p.  S5- 
193.  An  edition  in  Spanish  was  published  at  New  York  in  1H31,  with  the  title, 
"  Diario  historico  del  ultimo  Viaje  (pie  ]\L  de  La  Sale  hijo  para  descubrir  el  desem- 
bocadero  y  curso  del  Mississipi."  Charlevoix  says  that  Joutel  was  the  most  reliable 
of  La  Salle's  followers,  and  Parkman  thinks  that  he  "gives  the  impression  of  sense, 
intelligence,  and  candor  throughout,"  while  Douay,  in  the  latter's  opinion,  did  not 
always  write  honestly.  Jean  Cavelier,  an  older  brother  of  La  Salle's,  who,  after  the 
latter's  assassination,  escaped  to  Canada  in  company  with  Joutel  and  Douay,  is 
said  to  have  drawn  up  a  report  of  the  expedition  for  M.  de  Seignelay,  the  Minister 
of  Marine. 

Parkman  jiossesses  a  manuscript  which  he  says  is  a  portion  of  the  first  draft  of 
this  report.  Dr.  Shea  edited  Parkman's  document  under  the  title,  "Relation 
du  voyage  entrepris  par  feu  M.  Robert  Cavelier,  sieur  de  La  Salle,  pour 
decouvrir  dans  le  golfe  du  Mexiijue,  I'embouchure  du  fleuve  de  Missisipy.  Par  son 
frere,  M.  Cavelier"  A  Manate  [N.  Y.J  1858,  54  pp.  iCmo,  and  printed  a  trans- 
lation in  his  collection  of  "  Early  Voyages  up  and  down  the  Mississippi,"  Albany, 
1861. 


I 


J 


DiscovKuv  ()i    11 1 1;  Mississiri'i 


\')') 


Margry  gives  in  hi-,  ( 'ollcciion.  vol.  ii.,  p]..  501-509,  a  iiortion  of  a  joiinuil  ki'|ii 
hy  C.iVL'liiT.  lioil)  ilicsf  iKinativfs  from  Cavcliti'>  pt'ii  iiic  vi-ry  iiit|)iTfci;i,  iln- 
foriiicr  failiii^r  (01  ihi.'  latti-r  iKiit  of  tin.- expedition,  and  tlu- journal  stops  la'foic  tli'- 
landinL;  in 'I'exas.  I, a  Salle's  assassination.  \vlii(li  took  placi*  in  idS;.  wis  witnesscil 
by  Doiiay,  who  gives  an  .'\ccount  in  his  journal,  joutcl  relates  the  event  hoin  ihr 
testimony  of  eye-witnesses,  and  'I'onty  states  wiiat  he  learned  from  the  survivors  of 
I, a  Salle's  party.  See  also  "  Relation  de  la  mort  (hi  Sr.  de  I. a  S.dle,  suivant  le  raj.- 
port  dun  nonune  Couture  a  (jui  M.  Cavclicr  I'apprit  en  pas^anl  aux  Akansas,"  in 
Margry,  vol.  iii.,  pp.  601-606. 

A  letter  written  by  I.a  Salle,  March  4,  16S5,  erroneously  dated  at  the  mouth  of  thf 
Mississippi,  is  in  Margry,  vol.  ii.,  pp.  55<)-5''».?,  and  a  tr.mslation  is  appcnd.'d  lo  Shea's 
"  Karly  X'oyages."  'I'he  "  I'loces  verbal  fait  par  I, a  Salle  avant  de  eondiiire  son 
frere  au  Mississipi,  i.S.  avril  i6Sf),"  in  Margry,  vol.  iii.,  pj).  ;,  s5-54<;,  relates  I, a  Salle's 
oi)erations  in  'I'exas,  including  his  tiist  two  journeys  from  the 'J'exas  colony  to  lind 
the  Mississi|)pi  by  land. 

The  Spaniards,  in  1689,  visittd  the  site  of  I, a  Salle's  colony,  and  made  prisoners 
of  the  survivors  whom  they  found  among  the  Indians.  Two  of  tlu'^e  cajjiives  escapee', 
to  l'"rance,  and  their  testimony  in  regard  to  the  fate  of  the  colony  is  given  in  Mar-ry, 
vol.  iii.,  pp.  610-62  I. 

J'arkman  cites  the  official  journal  of  this  Spanish  expedition,  which  is  inedited.  It 
is  entitled  "  Derrotero  de  la  Jornada  ([ue  hi/o  el  ( leneral  Ah)n/,()  de  l.ron  jiara  el  do 
cubrimiento  de  la  I'.ahia  del  J-'-spiritu  Santo,  y  ])oblacion  de  J-'ranceses."  J'.uckingham 
Smith's  "Colecr.ion  de  varios  documentos  i)ara  la  histoiiaiK-  la  I'lorida,"  ii|).  25-2S. 
contains  a  narrative  by  a  member  of  the  Spalli^h  (ompanv,  entitled  "CiirCi,  en  que  se 
da  noticia  de  un  viaje  hecho  d  la  lUhia  de  J<;spiritu  Santo,  v  de  la  iioblacinn  ([ue  ti'uian 
ah  los  JManceses,"'  which  is  also  inserted  in  I'Vench's  "  Historical  Ciolleclions,''  second 
series,  pp.  29,^-295.  Harcia,  in  his  "  Knsayo  chronologico  para  la  historia  gt-neral 
de  la  J''lorida,"  Mailrid,  1723,  gives  an  account,  from  an  unknown  source,  which  is 
translated  in  Shea's  "  Discovery  of  the  Mississippi.' 

This  closes  the  list  of  principal  contemporary  narratives  of  the  Inst  explorations 
by  the  French  of  western  territory.  Margry's  Collection  contains  mam  documents 
of  minor  interest,  but  important,  which  have  not  been  noted.  A  iounial  by  Minet, 
the  engineer  who  returned  to  France  with  lieaujeau  in  i6S6,  in  Margrv,  vol.  ii..  pp. 
589-601,  and  Tonty's  "  Lettres  sur  ce  cpi'il  a  app-ris  de  I, a  .^alle,  le  vovage  (pi'il 
a  fait  pour  Taller  chercher,"  1686-16S9,  in  Margry,  vol.  i  i.,  pp.  55  1-564,  must,  how- 
ever, be  mentioned. 

The  secondary  authorities  will  be  the  subject  of  treatment  in  another  paper. 


APPLF.rOX   v.   C.   C.RIFFIX 


liovroN  Public  LinuAUY 


.Jl.-V 


wrriTi  ill 


:sJiii^, 


,1 

(^  ^'t'Jt  jiM*c   Siw'tcU  u>^c  j«.  u-f  %\w   v'tU^ttr-^^A  ctek  .;wi  veuj  4>    <>4  ^  t;ij-J«    .'V' 

(.'rft  ^i.'"^!'  %a<rt  tuilU    }e  Itt-l    Jfuna  tl  jl/,iu>,s  ^^^kuR  mh'  lu,,  ^ 

Ctjif^al  J,.l..-fJ  /(.ij,.  .»''4  fj.-/i.,-'"*i'''«'<"'i>'  n.  ivu.*i  «,/«(  «»nn»  J^«m<»' .vi.  j^.M*'  -f^T, ,  fits,,. 

f,:.,  U  '/&.'•  .■/  ..\[,ji^^  ^ci  ixi'''t^tj~»-i'ya%'"l*"'"'  ■^'i^'^T^"'^.°"J'i"''"'""''  •■■"■  Any 

\^-,.U-  •»■    t"^  "  ^'    f*^  ■'■•  ■''■  ••-•••'•"■'  -"  ,»n.it)  ,iv»«';;'''"f'*'  .-i'-".', ""-'»,  </^i.j  'Halil,„.j, 
j'^,u  .\M^K!  •»  ^■"'f'-  ■''  •'  ''' '*"<f  '"  «■■'  J^"°"-*-<  *'^'  "■'•*'  **■  ■".V-'**"V"'* 


&-M    iii^  i'V''"  ~ 


^^  ii.^-   c-huic— 


# 


xili  *.a'  f^a./i«  i\*r.^  ^^  artmu-ixj  tK>t._*f-h'   i-n^tjo   fuc  i'due..j  ^mUx' i^^Ufnu 


uji)rU'£-    no    £.i9fi4*raf 


^    'JSjuuellc  UrefUihJw 


g*.ston   ".op.tL    '.>TH     Uedudum  ^iicsin\\\eV  .2] 


earn 


i: 

[ 

i; 
[ 


■;■<  ■-;*w>«*sa8itsr'Si-: 


ams 


Imfi     f    Cf^C-NIARP    A     KOU£N  . 


